Temporal relation extraction is a research area in natural language processing and information extraction that focuses on identifying and extracting temporal relations between events or entities mentioned in text. This involves analyzing the textual context surrounding a pair of events or entities to determine the temporal order in which they occurred, as well as the specific time intervals or temporal expressions associated with each event. The goal of temporal relation extraction is to improve the understanding of temporal relationships within text and facilitate tasks such as event sequencing, timeline generation, and event prediction.